The main function of the lymphatic system of the human body – protection against toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. The most important elements of this system are the lymph nodes, the size of which is in standard does not exceed a pea.Лимфоузлы contain white blood cells and a yellow liquid (лимфу).Last bathes the cells of all organs, локализуя pathogenic microorganisms and altered cancer cells in the lymph nodes. This mechanism allows to postpone the spread of infection in the body and the growth of malignant tumors.
Further directly in the lymph nodes is the destruction of tumor cells, viruses and bacteria лимфоцитами, which begin to actively share. A slight increase in the lymph nodes of the node may indicate that he became to work more actively in connection with the onset of the disease. If sore lymph node on the neck, then it says about the development of the inflammatory process in the immediate vicinity.
Causative agent of the disease is able to penetrate to the lymph nodes, as follows:
- Hematogenous way.
- Through the lymphatic flow.
- Pin the way.
This reaction was named b. lymphadenitis. Pathology of the lymphatic system require a special attention of the doctor, because there are always companion of serious illness. This is the reason why it is necessary in time to ask for qualified medical help.
Causes of cervical b. lymphadenitis'with
Increase лимфоузлов on the neck more often it is unilateral. When this case happens defeat mainly that of education, which is located near the source of inflammation or infectious fire pit. If enlarged лимфоузлы support the growth of the tonsils, salivary, around the ears, lacrimal gland, then it is necessary to immediately seek medical help.
If the lymph nodes in the neck enlarged, in the course of a few months, then the doctor may suspect the presence of malignant education. In similar cases, noted a dramatic decline in the elasticity of the lymphatic vessels, increasing their involvement in the pathological process, all are located close to лимфоузлов. Alone lymph node solid to the touch, vary болезненностью.
So, it lead to an increase in the lymph nodes of the node can these causes:
- Bacterial, fungal and viral infections (ARI, acute tonsillitis, tuberculosis, chickenpox, influenza, токсоплазмоз, rubella, стоматит, otitis media, dental caries, periodontitis).
- Parasites.
- The mechanical injury.
- The human immunodeficiency Virus.
- A decrease in immunity. Ongoing disease, stress, hypothermia, lack of vitamins can trigger b. lymphadenitis. Common infectious diseases may lead to chronic b. lymphadenitis.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Toxins in the blood.
- Oncology. The development of b. lymphadenitis's may be the result of tumor formation of lymphoid tissue.
- Enough rarely b. lymphadenitis cause: alcoholism, disorders in the functioning of the thyroid gland or metabolism.
We distinguish these reasons b. lymphadenitis':
- Allergies to medications.
- Allergies on the poisons of insects.
- The immune reaction on the vaccination.
In cases like this, celebrating the enlargement of the lymph nodes, significant pain, possible swelling of the face, increased body temperature, chills.
Classification of the disease
Issue several stages of b. lymphadenitis's depending on the symptomatology:
- Hurts лимфоузлы on the neck just slightly, when palpation determined moderate increase. The patient, it may indicate weakness, headache and elevated body temperature after a long period of time.
- Lymph node significantly increased, it is determined visually (the size can vary from pea to egg), pain during palpation, during the act of swallowing. The patient complains of weakness, increased body temperature, discomfort when turning the head, reduced appetite, headaches.
- Severe pain and redness in the area of the lymph nodes of the node is indicative of the development of гнойного inflammation. The patient noted a high temperature (up to 40 S), fever, chills, bad mood, apathy, nausea and vomiting. Constant headaches, dizziness may be indicative of severe intoxication of the organism.
Long-term exposure to b. lymphadenitis of the above symptoms may be absent. Diagnose патологию very problematic, because лимфоузлы can almost not noticeable to the touch. In such cases, lack of treatment will lead to progressive irreversible degeneration of the cervical lymph nodes.
Cervical b. lymphadenitis in childhood
Inflammation of the lymph nodes commonly occurs in children, who often suffer from простудными disease. The inflammatory process may occur even in childhood, but in such cases, the diagnosis of the node to defend. In children quite often lymph nodes become enlarged at the time of the common cold and by themselves after healing. Also you need to realize that some лимфоузлы due to their special location (the individual characteristics of the child) can only dream of extended and do not require treatment.
The reasons for the development of b. lymphadenitis'with the children quite a lot, the most common are:
- Bacterial and viral infections (tonsillitis, flu, токсоплазмоз, mononucleosis).
- The reaction on the vaccination.
- Damage to the skin (scratching cats, rodents).
Remember!
If the lymph node worries about the baby for a long period of time without obvious causes, then it is in the human body it comes to inflammation. To give a definite diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment can only a doctor for an appropriate diagnosis.
B. lymphadenitis in pregnant women
Special risk borne by the inflammation of the lymph nodes in the course of the pregnancy, because this disease can leave negative consequences for both the mother's body, so for the fetus. The disease arises as a result of reduction in the immunity of the woman in bearing the child, cause him can the same factors. In such cases, problems may arise when choosing a medication.
During pregnancy, it is strictly forbidden to treat b. lymphadenitis themselves. It is necessary to contact the doctor who will be able to find out the cause of inflammation of the prescribe effective and safe medications. Treat your health carefully and at the first unpleasant symptoms better to consult with a specialist.
The main methods of diagnosis of pathology
There are more than hundred different diseases that are able to cause a reaction of the lymphatic system. This is the reason why it is necessary to perform дифференциальную diagnostic pathology, pay attention to the minor symptoms.
Today it is the most affordable and informative method of diagnosis is ultrasound (ULTRASOUND). It allows you to determine the size and shape of the lymph nodes, to assess their structure, in some cases the character of the lesion formation. For example, herpetic infection leads to an increase in multiple lymph nodes at the same time.
It is important to note that the possibilities of ultrasound is limited, therefore, for confirmation of the diagnosis may require the execution of other also clinical-laboratory examination:- Clinical analysis of blood.
- MRI.
- Computed tomography.
- Radiography.
- A biopsy of the lymph nodes of the node with the execution of the subsequent histological research of the tissues.
Important!
X-ray method will be effective only if кальцификация лимфоузла, i.e. by storing in лимфоидных образованиях calcium salts. For similar changes will take several years, or, expressed metabolic disorders.
Treatment
If it hurts лимфоузлы on the neck, then the treatment must include treatments that allow you to effectively remove focus of inflammation and all signs of pathology. Treatment should vote strictly individually depending on the causes of the disease and its stage. It is important to realize that the lymphatic system is a physiological shield for the body thanks to the ability to продуцировать lymphocytes, which are able to fight with the representatives of the diseases of different nature (viruses, bacteria, parasites). This is the reason why with a simple inflammation of the organism is able to cope on their own.
If the lymph node hurts for a long time on the background of general intoxication of the organism, then widely used the following scheme of treatment:
- Reduce physical stress, on bed rest, excessive drinking.
- The use of anti-inflammatory remedies that have a mild antibacterial effect. When inefficiency is the possible use of steroid medications.
- Another use of pain medications and antibacterial agents broad spectrum of activity in the background, the hardening means, the intake of vitamin preparations will accelerate the healing.
- The possible use of folk methods, as a complementary therapy: rinse the neck отварами of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula), which allow you to act locally on the focus of inflammation. It is important to note that folk medicine can serve only as an auxiliary treatment.
- Correction of nutrition. It is necessary to increase in the diet the amount of contains vitamins, vegetables, fruit (onion, citrus fruits), which fight infection, add dairy products.
- Designation of the UHF-therapy allows to shorten the healing time. This therapeutic method is based on the action of the electromagnetic field ультравысоких frequency on the inflamed area.
- In the absence of timely medical care in advanced clinical cases, resort to surgical therapy (spend пункцию or complete excision of lymph nodes of the node).
In b. lymphadenitis lymph node cannot be warmed, rub and apply on the affected area iodine. These events can trigger the spread of infection, increase the risk of brain damage.
The basic measures of prevention
Specific prevention b. lymphadenitis's there, because this disease refers to the polyetiological diseases (pathology, a growing number of reasons).
However, to prevent inflammation of the lymph nodes will allow the following activities:
- The right regular закаливание.
- Maintaining the health of the immune system.
- Early treatment of acute infectious disease, which will not allow go of them in the chronic form.
- Maximum exclude hypothermia and stay in the cold air.
- To reduce the risk of injury, infection of wounds.
It is important to remember that any discomfort in the neck area, the neck and under the jaw, in most cases, refer to the disturbing symptoms. Лимфоузлы on the neck increase in size and hurt just the fact that he has a serious inflammatory process. To prevent the implementation of radical surgery is required when the occurrence of болевого syndrome immediately consult a specialist and in accordance with all regulations.